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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Legs" redirects here. For specifically legs in humans, see <a href="Human_leg" title="Human leg">Human leg</a>. For other uses, see <a href="Leg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Leg (disambiguation)">Leg (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Leg</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Diagram of an insect leg</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>membrum inferius</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.031%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.031</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=156">156</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma24879">24879</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>A <b>leg</b> is a <a href="Weight-bearing" title="Weight-bearing">weight-bearing</a> and <a href="Animal_locomotion" title="Animal locomotion">locomotive</a> anatomical structure, usually having a <a href="Column" title="Column">columnar</a> shape. During locomotion, legs function as "extensible struts".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combination of movements at all joints can be modeled as a single, linear element capable of changing length and rotating about an omnidirectional "hip" joint.

</p><p>As an anatomical <a href="Animal" title="Animal">animal</a> structure, it is used for <a href="Animal_locomotion" title="Animal locomotion">locomotion</a>. The <a href="Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal" title="Anatomical terms of location">distal</a> end is often modified to distribute <a href="Force" title="Force">force</a> (such as a <a href="Foot" title="Foot">foot</a>). Most animals have an even number of legs.

</p><p>As a component of furniture, it is used for the economy of materials needed to provide the support for the useful surface, such as the table top or chair seat.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Unipedalism" title="Unipedalism">Uniped</a>: one leg, such as clams</li>

<li><a href="Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">Biped</a>: two legs, such as humans and birds</li>

<li><a href="Tripedalism" title="Tripedalism">Triped</a>: three legs, which typically does not occur naturally in healthy animals</li>

<li><a href="Quadrupedalism" title="Quadrupedalism">Quadruped</a>: four legs, such as dogs and horses</li></ul>

<p>Many <a href="Taxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa">taxa</a> are characterized by the number of legs:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">Tetrapods</a> have four legs. Squamates of genus <i><a href="Bipes_(lizard)" title="Bipes (lizard)">Bipes</a></i> have only two. Caecilians and many squamate lineages convergently lost their legs.</li>

<li><a href="Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda">Panarthropoda</a>: no less than four legs. Velvet worms and some arthropods have more than a dozen legs; a few species possess over one hundred. Despite what their names might suggest, <a href="Centipede" title="Centipede">centipedes</a> ("hundred feet") may have fewer than twenty or more than 300 legs, and <a href="Millipede" title="Millipede">millipedes</a> ("thousand feet") have fewer than 1,000 legs, but up to 750.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2></div>

<p>A leg is a structure of <a href="Gross_anatomy" title="Gross anatomy">gross anatomy</a>, meaning that it is large enough to be seen unaided. The components depend on the animal. In humans and other mammals, a leg includes the <a href="Bone" title="Bone">bones</a>, <a href="Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a>, <a href="Tendon" title="Tendon">tendons</a>, <a href="Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a>, <a href="Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a>, <a href="Nerve" title="Nerve">nerves</a>, and <a href="Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>. In <a href="Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, the leg includes most of these things, except that insects have an <a href="Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">exoskeleton</a> that replaces the function of both the bones and the skin.

</p><p>Sometimes the end of the leg, or <a href="Foot" title="Foot">foot</a>, is considered part of the leg; other times it is considered separate. Similarly, the <a href="Hip_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip joint">hip joint</a> or other place where the leg attaches to the main body may be considered separate or part of the leg.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tetrapod_legs">Tetrapod legs</h2></div>

<p>In <a href="Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">tetrapod</a> <a href="Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a>, <i>leg</i> is used to refer to the entire <a href="Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">limb</a>. In human medicine, the precise definition refers<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only to the segment between the <a href="Knee" title="Knee">knee</a> and the <a href="Ankle" title="Ankle">ankle</a>. This lower segment is also called the <i>shank</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the front (anterior) of the segment is called the <i>shin</i> or <i>pretibia</i>.

</p><p>In <a href="Biped" class="mw-redirect" title="Biped">bipedal</a> <a href="Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">tetrapods</a>, the two lower limbs are referred to as the "legs" and the two upper limbs as "arms" or "wings" as the case may be. In quadrupedal tetrapods, the limbs are generally called forelegs, fore legs or front legs and hindlegs, hind legs or back legs.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Robotic_leg">Robotic leg</h2></div>

<p>A <a href="Robotic_leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic leg">robotic leg</a> is moved by an <a href="Actuator" title="Actuator">actuator</a>, which is a type of <a href="Engine" title="Engine">motor</a> for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of energy, usually in the form of an electric current, <a href="Hydraulic_fluid" title="Hydraulic fluid">hydraulic fluid</a> pressure or <a href="Pneumatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatic">pneumatic</a> pressure, and converts that energy into motion.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prosthetic_leg">Prosthetic leg</h2></div>

<p>A <a href="Prosthesis" title="Prosthesis">prosthetic</a> leg is an artificial leg that is used to replace one that has been lost.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFGray1944" class="citation journal cs1">Gray, J. (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/2/88">"Studies in the Mechanics of the Tetrapod Skeleton"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>20</b> (2). Biologists.org: <span class="nowrap">88–</span>116. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1944JExpB..20...88G">1944JExpB..20...88G</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.20.2.88">10.1242/jeb.20.2.88</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709010059/http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/2/88">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222151236/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Leg&field=entry">"Leg"</a>. <i>Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)</i>. National Library of Medicine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Leg&field=entry">the original</a> on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20111014042937/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/five/000058188.htm">"Leg"</a>. <i>Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers</i>. Mercksource. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/five/000058188.htm">the original</a> on 14 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/leg">"leg"</a>. <i><a href="Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKardong2009" class="citation book cs1">Kardong, Kenneth V. (2009). <i>Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution</i> (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 340. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-07-304058-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shank">"shank"</a>. <i><a href="Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Leg" class="extiw external" title="commons:Leg">Leg</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

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